THE GREENER CHOICE

METHODOLOGY FOR CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATIONS

• Calculations are conducted following the best available methodologies, i.e. life cycle assessment standards (ISO 14040 and ISO 14044).
• Emissions are for year 2010. The presented results include emissions from raw material production and transportation and operations in Rauma refinery (cradle-to-gate).
• Primary data was collected and used for all processes under the control of Forchem.
• Secondary data was collected from available databases (mostly Ecoinvent v. 2.1) and used to estimate the emissions of raw material production and transportation. When more accurate data was available in literature, the database data was further modified e.g. with national information for transportation emissions.

• Emissions of crude tall oil production (CTO) were assumed to be 3.5 % of the emissions of sulfate pulp production. This is based on the average amount of CTO produced as side-product in sulfate pulp processes in Finland (mass basis).
• The direct emissions (e.g. electricity and fuel use) were allocated to different products based on actual utility consumption for each product.
• Transportation emissions and raw material emissions, including process water, were allocated to different products on mass basis (production amounts).
• Emission factor for average Nordic pulp mill is utilized here, as 90 % of the CTO originates from Nordic pulp mills.
• This calculation was conducted by Gaia Consulting Ltd. (www.gaia.fi) for business-to-business purposes only.